Why the RSPCA believes free farrowing offers sows the best welfare

You may be aware of ongoing discussions about farrowing crates and their negative impact on sow welfare.

While the UK should be moving towards free farrowing systems – already adopted by RSPCA Assured members – some have been pushing for flexible farrowing crates instead.

However, while we understand some producers might be attracted by the ‘benefits’ of flexible farrowing, it isn’t the step forward it’s often claimed to be.

Some flexible farrowing systems are similar to conventional farrowing crates but can be opened to allow the sow to turn around.

While this may offer a slight improvement compared to crates where sows can’t turn at all, the design still confines the sow during farrowing and some of her time nursing.

During the confinement period – which could be up to 10 days – sows can’t turn, nest or interact freely with their piglets.

Even short periods in a crate restrict natural behaviours at a critical stage. And, in practice, it’s difficult to monitor precisely how long sows are confined for.

Temporary confinement is still confinement, and flexible farrowing crates fail to meet sows’ welfare. For instance, some flexible farrowing designs have no solid flooring, so the sow can’t be given straw as enrichment or to build a nest.

These systems are also costly to install and can lock farms into transitional setups that may not meet the future welfare expectations of the government, retailers and consumers.

For example, 67% of the British public oppose the use of farrowing crates, and 55% of people say they’d pay more for products that explicitly state they had not come from a caged animal (RSPCA kindness index 2024).

As you know, the RSPCA’s pig welfare standards exclusively allow free farrowing systems. This means sows are never confined in farrowing crates.

It’s a proven, workable alternative – reflected in the fact that 40% of the UK sow herd already successfully farrows outdoors with complete freedom of movement.

For this reason, our position remains clear: we continue to support free farrowing systems and do not permit the use of farrowing crates.

We appreciate the commitment our members already show in meeting these higher welfare requirements.

By following the RSPCA’s science-led welfare standards, you already meet the gold standard, providing your sows with environments that support their physical health and natural behaviours.

We’re grateful for your continued care and dedication. Your efforts make a real difference to pig welfare every day.

If you have any concerns or doubts about the benefits of free farrowing, please don’t hesitate to get in touch for a chat.